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Что (кто) такое economic reform - определение
REFORMS AIMED TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF AN ECONOMY
Economic reform
Microeconomic reform
Microeconomic reform (or often just economic reform) comprises policies directed to achieve improvements in economic efficiency, either by eliminating or reducing distortions in individual sectors of the economy or by reforming economy-wide policies such as tax policy and competition policy with an emphasis on economic efficiency, rather than other goals such as equity or employment growth.
Chinese economic reform
![CO<sub>2</sub> gas]] emissions by country (2015).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CO2 emission pie chart.svg?width=200 "CO<sub>2</sub> gas]] emissions by country (2015).")
![Production of wheat from 1961 to 2004. Data from [[FAO]], year 2005. Y-axis: Production in metric ton.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/China-wheat-prod.png?width=200 "Production of wheat from 1961 to 2004. Data from [[FAO]], year 2005. Y-axis: Production in metric ton.")
![Discussion of "China's Next Global Agenda" during the [[World Economic Forum]] (2013).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chinas Next Global Agenda Panel World Economic Forum 2013 (2).jpg?width=200 "Discussion of \"China's Next Global Agenda\" during the [[World Economic Forum]] (2013).")
![Director-General of WTO]], met with China's Minister of Commerce [[Gao Hucheng]] in [[Qingdao]] (2014).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Director-General Roberto Azevêdo met with China’s Minister of Commerce Gao Hucheng in Qingdao.jpg?width=200 "Director-General of WTO]], met with China's Minister of Commerce [[Gao Hucheng]] in [[Qingdao]] (2014).")
![Indian GDP]] (1950–2010)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/GDP per capita of China and India.svg?width=200 "Indian GDP]] (1950–2010)")
![Premier of China]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hu Yaobang Bronze statue at Yaobang Cemetery.jpg?width=200 "Premier of China]].")
![[[Shanghai Stock Exchange]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shanghaistockexchange.jpg?width=200 "[[Shanghai Stock Exchange]]")
![[[Shenzhen Stock Exchange]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shenzhen stock exchange 2018 (40984942355).jpg?width=200 "[[Shenzhen Stock Exchange]]")
![A market in [[Kashgar]] in 1992 with slogans of "Insist reform and opening-up", an alternative rendering of insisting Chinese economic reform which was well underway at the time.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Silk Road 1992 (4367437041) Market in Xinjiang, 1992.jpg?width=200 "A market in [[Kashgar]] in 1992 with slogans of \"Insist reform and opening-up\", an alternative rendering of insisting Chinese economic reform which was well underway at the time.")
![The slogan "[[Time is Money, Efficiency is Life]]" from [[Shekou, Shenzhen]], representing the "[[Shenzhen speed]]".](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Time is money, Efficiency is life.jpg?width=200 "The slogan \"[[Time is Money, Efficiency is Life]]\" from [[Shekou, Shenzhen]], representing the \"[[Shenzhen speed]]\".")
![Air pollution]] has become a major environmental issue in China resulting from the economic development. (The picture shows thick [[haze]] in [[Lujiazui]] of Shanghai in 2011)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/远眺陆家嘴-雾霾 Lujiazui in the haze - panoramio.jpg?width=200 "Air pollution]] has become a major environmental issue in China resulting from the economic development. (The picture shows thick [[haze]] in [[Lujiazui]] of Shanghai in 2011)")
REFORMS ALLOWING MORE FREE MARKETS IN CHINA SINCE DENG XIAOPING
China's economic reforms; Chinese market reform; Kai fang; Kai Fang; Gaige Kaifang; Dual track currency system (China); China and the Industrial Revolution; Reforms and Opening Up; Gaige kaifang; The Industrial Revolution in China; Reform and opening up; Dual price system; Opening up policy; 改革开放; Găigé kāifàng; 改革開放; Price reform; Chinese Economic Reform; Economic reform in China; Economic reforms in China; 1978 reforms; 1978 economic reforms; 1978 economic reform; 1978 reform; Economic reforms in the People's Republic of China; Chinese economic reforms; Reform and opening; Dual-track pricing system; User:Teeninvestor/Chinese economic reform; Economic reform in the People's Republic of China; Reform and Opening; Chinese economic development; Reform and opening-up; Gaigekaifang; Chinese reform era; Reform era of China; Opening of China; China's reform era; Opening Up Policy; Post-Mao reforms; Opening Up and Reform Policy; Reform and Opening Up Policy; China’s reform and opening up; Academic studies about Chinese economic reform; Opening Up Period; Chinese Open and Reform Policy
The Chinese economic reform or reform and opening-up, known in the West as the opening of China, is the program of economic reforms termed "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" and "socialist market economy" in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Led by Deng Xiaoping, often credited as the "General Architect", the reforms were launched by reformists within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) on December 18, 1978, during the "Boluan Fanzheng" period.
1973 Soviet economic reform
![Romanian]] communist leader [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] on 22 August 1974](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kosygin and Ceaușescu.jpg?width=200 "Romanian]] communist leader [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] on 22 August 1974")
ATTEMPT TO PARTIALLY DECENTRALIZE PLANNING IN THE SOVIET ECONOMY
1973–74 Soviet economic reform; 1973–1974 Soviet economic reform; Soviet economic reform of 1973; The 1973 Soviet economic reform; 1973-1974 Soviet economic reform; 1973-74 Soviet economic reform
The 1973 Soviet economic reform was an economic reform initiated by Alexei Kosygin, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers. During Leonid Brezhnev's rule of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), the Soviet economy began to stagnate; this period is referred to by some historians as the Era of Stagnation.
Википедия
Microeconomic reform
Microeconomic reform (or often just economic reform) comprises policies directed to achieve improvements in economic efficiency, either by eliminating or reducing distortions in individual sectors of the economy or by reforming economy-wide policies such as tax policy and competition policy with an emphasis on economic efficiency, rather than other goals such as equity or employment growth.
Примеры употребления для economic reform
1. Koizumi is a nationalist who plays the economic reform card brilliantly without actually doing much economic reform.
2. Economic reform and privatisation are becoming pressing.
3. Economic reform plans÷The crisis has crystallized debate notably around the bloc‘s economic reform plans, which face strong opposition in France as demonstrated by its stunning weekend rejection.
4. The government has reaffirmed its commitment to economic reform.
5. The economic reform process is continuing in Turkey.